Contrast-induced nephropathy in cancer patients: A case-control study

Original Research

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Published

2021-11-29

How to Cite

Calle Caamaño, C., Tamayo Aguilar, P., Coloma Coloma, E., & Mera Rebutti, G. (2021). Contrast-induced nephropathy in cancer patients: A case-control study: Original Research. Oncology Journal (Ecuador), 31(3), 176–187. https://doi.org/10.33821/573

Issue

Vol. 31 No. 3 (2021): December - March

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Original Articles

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Copyright (c) 2021 Carlos Calle Caamaño, Patricia Tamayo Aguilar, Ena Coloma Coloma, Geovanny Mera Rebutti

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Authors

  • Carlos Calle Caamaño Servicio de Emergencia, Instituto Oncológico Nacional “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo”, Sociedad de Lucha contra el Cáncer, Guayaquil -Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-2466
  • Patricia Tamayo Aguilar Servicio de Emergencia, SOLCA - Guayaquil -Ecuador.
  • Ena Coloma Coloma Servicio de Hematología, SOLCA- Guayaquil
  • Geovanny Mera Rebutti Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital de Especialidades “Abel Gilbert Ponton”, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Guayaquil -Ecuador

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33821/573

Keywords:

Contrast media, Creatinine, Nephropathy, Tomography, Risk factors

Abstract

Introduction: Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN) is a complication caused by intravenous administration of contrast media for imaging studies, which increases morbidity and mortality and hospital costs. The incidence ranges from 2% in people without risk factors, and can reach up to 25 to 50% when predisposing factors are associated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of CIN in hospitalized cancer and non-cancer patients, their clinical characteristics, prevalence, associated factors, and the application of a pre-exposure risk scale.

Methodology: A case-control study was carried out at the “Abel Gilbert Pontón” Hospitals and the “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo ”- Guayaquil in the period April to September 2020. The sample was non-probabilistic, of patients with and without oncological diagnosis. Contrast tomography was required in both groups. Age, sex, type of cancer, presence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM), arterial hypertension, creatinine at baseline and at 48 hours were recorded. A pre-exposure scale for CIN was used. The prevalences are compared with Chi2, and the associations with Odds Ratio.

Results: There were 100 cases and 100 controls. The prevalence of CIN was 28% in non-cancer patients and 22% in oncological patients (P = 0.33). The associated risk factor was Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (OR 2.19 [95% CI 1.0007 - 4.808; P = 0.0498). The previous creatinine value had no effect on the outcome of nephropathy. The distribution of pre-exposure categories did not show significant differences between the patients who developed CIN in relation to those who did not develop (P = 0.063).

Conclusion: The development of CIN is not influenced by age, sex, patient and hypertension, but is associated with the presence of DM2. Pre-exposure risk stratification was not useful in this case, its distribution was similar in patients with or without CIN.

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