Is Blood Type a Risk Factor for Gastric Cancer? Observational Study

Abstract

Introduction: There are studies that associate blood groups with the development of gastric cancer, establishing a relationship between individuals with blood group A and a predisposition to this neoplasia, however these reports could be biased by the population prevalence of the blood type of the region. The objective of this study is to establish the predicted relationship in an area with a high prevalence of blood type O.

Methods: This observational, analytical study was carried out in patients who underwent endoscopic stomach biopsy treated at the SOLCA Cuenca Cancer Institute in the period 2013 - 2018; the sampling is non-probability of all possible cases. For the analysis, group 1 (G1) is made up of patients with a Positive Biopsy for Gastric Cancer, group 2 with patients with a negative Biopsy for Gastric Cancer. Association analysis with Prevalence Ratio (PR) is performed.

Results: There were 433 cases of gastric cancer in G1 and 2606 negative cases for Gastric Cancer in G2. The prevalence of blood type “O” in G1 was 328/433 cases (75.75%) Vs. 1946/2606 cases (74.67%); the prevalence of blood type “A” in G1 was 71/433 cases (16.4%) Vs 485/2606 cases (18.61%) in G2; PR = 0.875 (95% CI 0.69 -1.11), P = 0.27.

Conclusions: No association between blood type and the presence of Gastric Cancer was demonstrated in this report.