Stomach Cancer Risk Factors, Abel Gilbert Ponton Hospital: Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Stomach cancer is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms in the world, it is the second cause of death in men and the third in women. It ranks fifth in frequency and second cause of death from cancer in the world. Cancer being one of the most frequent and investigated pathologies on the planet and in Ecuador, it represents 12% of all cancers. The objective of this study is to establish the prevalence, incidence, and mortality in a regional reference center of the Public system.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital in the City of Guayquil. Medical records from 2014 to 2016 of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer were reviewed. Demographic, clinical and outcome variables are analyzed. Descriptive statistics are used.

Results: 99 cases of gastric cancer were identified. There were 38 women (38.4%) and 61 men (61.6%). 43.4% of patients with gastric cancer were older than 65 years. 70.7% of patients had no family history of gastric cancer, 69.7% of patients with alcohol consumption habit, 63.6% of patients had tobacco consumption, 70.7% of patients with a recurrent history of smoked meat intake, and intake of diet rich in fat 75.8%. 75.8% of patients had H. pylori infection. The highest prevalence of location was the gastric antrum and the prevalent symptom in the group was epigastric pain. The incidence was 0.14 per 1,000 hospital patients, the prevalence was 1.22 per 1,000 patients. Mortality was 18 cases, 2.16 per 100,000 patients.

Conclusions: The typical patient was male, aged> 65 years, without a history of gastric cancer, with H. pylori infection, consumption of a diet rich in fat, smoked meat, alcohol and tobacco. With gastric cancer located in the antrum and the most prevalent debut epigastralgia.