Efectividad de la terapia de la dignidad en pacientes con cáncer avanzado que reciben cuidados paliativos: una revisión sistemática
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Derechos de autor 2025 Wagner Fiallos Coque, Ericka Parra Gavilanez, Mariana Vallejo Martinez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
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https://doi.org/10.33821/826Palabras clave:
neoplasias, terapia de la dignidad, cuidados paliativos, atención terminal, psicoterapiaResumen
Introducción: La terapia de la dignidad es una intervención psicoterapéutica breve desarrollada para aliviar el sufrimiento existencial y fortalecer la identidad y el sentido de valor en pacientes al final de la vida. Su aplicación en cuidados paliativos oncológicos ha mostrado resultados variables, por lo que es necesario evaluar su efectividad global. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a la declaración PRISMA 2020, registrada en PROSPERO (CRD420251109555). Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y estudios cuasiexperimentales que aplicaron la terapia en pacientes adultos con cáncer avanzado o terminal. El desenlace principal fue la dignidad percibida, y los secundarios incluyeron ansiedad, depresión, bienestar espiritual, esperanza y calidad de vida. La calidad metodológica se evaluó con las herramientas ROB 2 y ROBINS-I. Resultados: Se analizaron diez estudios con 904 pacientes de América, Europa y Asia. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la dignidad percibida; sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios reportó mejoras en bienestar emocional, esperanza y espiritualidad, con buena aceptación y factibilidad de la intervención. Conclusiones: Aunque los resultados cuantitativos son heterogéneos, la terapia de la dignidad ofrece beneficios emocionales y existenciales relevantes en pacientes con cáncer avanzado, lo cual constituye una estrategia ética y humanizadora. Se recomienda su integración en los programas de cuidados paliativos y la realización de investigaciones multicéntricas con mayor rigor metodológico.
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